Order	Great Group	Subgroup	Abbrev
Brunisolic	Melanic Brunisol	Orthic Melanic Brunisol Eluviated Melanic Brunisol Gleyed Melanic Brunisol Gleyed Eluviated Melanic Brunisol	O.MB E.MB GL.MB GLE.MB
	Eutric Brunisol	Orthic Eutric Brunisol Eluviated Eutric Brunisol Gleyed Eutric Brunisol Gleyed Eluviated Eutric Brunisol	O.EB E.EB GL.EB GLE.EB
	Sombric Brunisol	Orthic Sombric Brunisol Eluviated Sombric Brunisol Duric Sombric Brunisol Gleyed Sombric Brunisol Gleyed Eluviated Sombric Brunisol	O.SB E.SB DU.SB GL.SB GLE.SB
	Dystric Brunisol	Orthic Dystric Brunisol Eluviated Dystric Brunisol Duric Dystric Brunisol Gleyed Dystric Brunisol Gleyed Eluviated Dystric Brunisol	O.DYB E.DYB DU.DYB GL.DYB GLE.DYB
Chernozemic	Brown Chernozem	Orthic Brown Chernozem Rego Brown Chernozem Calcareous Brown Chernozem Eluviated Brown Chernozem Solonetzic Brown Chernozem Vertic Brown Chernozem Gleyed Brown Chernozem Gleyed Rego Brown Chernozem Gleyed Calcareous Brown Chernozem Gleyed Eluviated Brown Chernozem Gleyed Solonetzic Brown Chernozem Gleyed Vertic Brown Chernozem	O.BC R.BC CA.BC E.BC SZ.BC V.BC GL.BC GLR.BC GLCA.BC GLE.BC GLSZ.BC GLV.BC
	Dark Brown Chernozem	Orthic Dark Brown Chernozem Rego Dark Brown Chernozem Calcareous Dark Brown Chernozem Eluviated Dark Brown Chernozem Solonetzic Dark Brown Chernozem Vertic Dark Brown Chernozem Gleyed Dark Brown Chernozem Gleyed Rego Dark Brown Chernozem Gleyed Calcareous Dark Brown Chernozem Gleyed Eluviated Dark Brown Chernozem Gleyed Solonetzic Dark Brown Chernozem Gleyed Vertic Dark Brown Chernozem	O.DBC R.DBC CA.DBC E.DBC SZ.DBC V.DBC GL.DBC GLR.DBC GLCA.DBC GLE.DBC GLSZ.DBC GLV.DBC
	Black Chernozem	Orthic Black Chernozem Rego Black Chernozem Calcareous Black Chernozem Eluviated Black Chernozem Solonetzic Black Chernozem Vertic Black Chernozem Gleyed Black Chernozem Gleyed Rego Black Chernozem Gleyed Calcareous Black Chernozem Gleyed Eluviated Black Chernozem Gleyed Solonetzic Black Chernozem Gleyed Vertic Black Chernozem	O.BLC R.BLC CA.BLC E.BLC SZ.BLC V.BLC GL.BLC GLR.BLC GLCA.BLC GLE.BLC GLSZ.BLC GLV.BLC
	Dark Gray Chernozem	Orthic Dark Gray Chernozem Rego Dark Gray Chernozem Calcareous Dark Gray Chernozem Solonetzic Dark Gray Chernozem Vertic Dark Gray Chernozem Gleyed Dark Gray Chernozem Gleyed Rego Dark Gray Chernozem Gleyed Calcareous Dark Gray Chernozem Gleyed Solonetzic Dark Gray Chernozem Gleyed Vertic Dark Gray Chernozem	O.DGC R.DGC CA.DGC SZ.DGC V.DGC GL.DGC GLR.DGC GLCA.DGC GLSZ.DGC GLV.DGC
Cryosolic	Turbic Cryosol	Orthic Eutric Turbic Cryosol Orthic Dystric Turbic Cryosol Brunisolic Eutric Turbic Cryosol Brunisolic Dystric Turbic Cryosol Gleysolic Turbic Cryosol Regosolic Turbic Cryosol Histic Eutric Turbic Cryosol Histic Dystric Turbic Cryosol Histic Regosolic Turbic Cryosol	OE.TC OD.TC BRE.TC BRD.TC GL.TC R.TC HE.TC HD.TC HR.TC
	Static Cryosol	Orthic Eutric Static Cryosol Orthic Dystric Static Cryosol Brunisolic Eutric Static Cryosol Brunisolic Dystric Static Cryosol Luvisolic Static Cryosol Gleysolic Static Cryosol Regosolic Static Cryosol Histic Eutric Static Cryosol Histic Dystric Static Cryosol Histic Regosolic Static Cryosol	OE.SC OD.SC BRE.SC BRD.SC L.SC GL.SC R.SC HE.SC HD.SC HR.SC
	Organic Cryosol	Fibric Organic Cryosol Mesic Organic Cryosol Humic Organic Cryosol Terric Fibric Organic Cryosol Terric Mesic Organic Cryosol Terric Humic Organic Cryosol Glacic Organic Cryosol	FI.OC ME.OC HU.OC TFI.OC TME.OC THU.OC GC.OC
Gleysolic	Luvic Gleysol	Solonetzic Luvic Gleysol Fragic Luvic Gleysol Humic Luvic Gleysol Fera Luvic Gleysol Orthic Luvic Gleysol Vertic Luvic Gleysol	SZ.LG FR.LG HU.LG FE.LG O.LG V.LG
	Humic Gleysol	Solonetzic Humic Gleysol Fera Humic Gleysol Orthic Humic Gleysol Rego Humic Gleysol Vertic Humic Gleysol	SZ.HG FE.HG O.HG R.HG V.HG
	Gleysol	Solonetzic Gleysol Fera Gleysol Orthic Gleysol Rego Gleysol Vertic Gleysol	SZ.G FE.G O.G R.G V.G
Luvisolic	Gray Brown Luvisol	Orthic Gray Brown Luvisol Brunisolic Gray Brown Luvisol Podzolic Gray Brown Luvisol Vertic Gray Brown Luvisol Gleyed Gray Brown Luvisol Gleyed Brunisolic Gray Brown Luvisol Gleyed Podzolic Gray Brown Luvisol Gleyed Vertic Gray Brown Luvisol	O.GBL BR.GBL PZ.GBL V.GBL GL.GBL GLBR.GBL GLPZ.GBL GLV.GBL
	Gray Luvisol	Orthic Gray Luvisol Dark Gray Luvisol Brunisolic Gray Luvisol Podzolic Gray Luvisol Solonetzic Gray Luvisol Fragic Gray Luvisol Vertic Gray Luvisol Gleyed Gray Luvisol Gleyed Dark Gray Luvisol Gleyed Brunisolic Gray Luvisol Gleyed Podzolic Gray Luvisol Gleyed Solonetzic Gray Luvisol Gleyed Fragic Gray Luvisol Gleyed Vertic Gray Luvisol	O.GL D.GL BR.GL PZ.GL SZ.GL FR.GL V.GL GL.GL GLD.GL GLBR.GL GLPZ.GL GLSZ.GL GLFR.GL GLV.GL
Organic	Fibrisol	Typic Fibrisol Mesic Fibrisol Humic Fibrisol Limnic Fibrisol Cumulic Fibrisol Terric Fibrisol Terric Mesic Fibrisol Terric Humic Fibrisol Hydric Fibrisol	TY.F ME.F HU.F LM.F CU.F T.F TME.F THU.F HY.F
	Mesisol	Typic Mesisol Fibric Mesisol Humic Mesisol Limnic Mesisol Cumulic Mesisol Terric Mesisol Terric Fibric Mesisol Terric Humic Mesisol Hydric Mesisol	TY.M FI.M HU.M LM.M CU.M T.M TFI.M THU.M HY.M
	Humisol	Typic Humisol Fibric Humisol Mesic Humisol Limnic Humisol Cumulic Humisol Terric Humisol Terric Fibric Humisol Terric Mesic Humisol Hydric Humisol	TY.H FI.H ME.H LM.H CU.H T.H TFI.H TME.H HY.H
	Folisol	Hemic Folisol Humic Folisol Lignic Folisol Histic Folisol	HE.FO HU.FO LI.FO HI.FO
Podzolic	Humic Podzol	Orthic Humic Podzol Ortstein Humic Podzol Placic Humic Podzol Duric Humic Podzol Fragic Humic Podzol	O.HP OT.HP P.HP DU.HP FR.HP
	Ferro-Humic Podzol	Orthic Ferro-Humic Podzol Ortstein Ferro-Humic Podzol Placic Ferro-Humic Podzol Duric Ferro-Humic Podzol Fragic Ferro-Humic Podzol Luvisolic Ferro-Humic Podzol Sombric Ferro-Humic Podzol Gleyed Ferro-Humic Podzol Gleyed Ortstein Ferro-Humic Podzol Gleyed Sombric Ferro-Humic Podzol	O.FHP OT.FHP P.FHP DU.FHP FR.FHP LU.FHP SM.FHP GL.FHP GLOT.FHP GLSM.FHP
	Humo-Ferric Podzol	Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol Ortstein Humo-Ferric Podzol Placic Humo-Ferric Podzol Duric Humo-Ferric Podzol Fragic Humo-Ferric Podzol Luvisolic Humo-Ferric Podzol Sombric Humo-Ferric Podzol Gleyed Humo-Ferric Podzol Gleyed Ortstein Humo-Ferric Podzol Gleyed Sombric Humo-Ferric Podzol	O.HFP OT.HFP P.HFP DU.HFP FR.HFP LU.HFP SM.HFP GL.HFP GLOT.HFP GLSM.HFP
Regosolic	Regosol	Orthic Regosol Cumulic Regosol Gleyed Regosol Gleyed Cumulic Regosol	O.R CU.R GL.R GLCU.R
	Humic Regosol	Orthic Humic Regosol Cumulic Humic Regosol Gleyed Humic Regosol Gleyed Cumulic Humic Regosol	O.HR CU.HR GL.HR GLCU.HR
Solonetzic	Solonetz	Brown Solonetz Dark Brown Solonetz Black Solonetz Alkaline Solonetz Gleyed Brown Solonetz Gleyed Dark Brown Solonetz Gleyed Black Solonetz	B.SZ DB.SZ BL.SZ A.SZ GLB.SZ GLDB.SZ GLBL.SZ
	Solodized Solonetz	Brown Solodized Solonetz Dark Brown Solodized Solonetz Black Solodized Solonetz Dark Gray Solodized Solonetz Gray Solodized Solonetz Gleyed Brown Solodized Solonetz Gleyed Dark Brown Solodized Solonetz Gleyed Black Solodized Solonetz Gleyed Dark Gray Solodized Solonetz Gleyed Gray Solodized Solonetz	B.SS DB.SS BL.SS DG.SS G.SS GLB.SS GLDB.SS GLBL.SS GLDG.SS GLG.SS
	Solod	Brown Solod Dark Brown Solod Black Solod Dark Gray Solod Gray Solod Gleyed Brown Solod Gleyed Dark Brown Solod Gleyed Black Solod Gleyed Dark Gray Solod Gleyed Gray Solod	B.SO DB.SO BL.SO DG.SO G.SO GLB.SO GLDB.SO GLBL.SO GLDG.SO GLG.SO
	Vertic Solonetz	Brown Vertic Solonetz Dark Brown Vertic Solonetz Black Vertic Solonetz Gleyed Brown Vertic Solonetz Gleyed Dark Brown Vertic Solonetz Gleyed Black Vertic Solonetz	BV.SZ DBV.SZ BLV.SZ GLBV.SZ GLDBV.SZ GLBLV.SZ
Vertisolic	Vertisol	Orthic Vertisol Gleyed Vertisol Gleysolic Vertisol	O.V GL.V GLC.V
	Humic Vertisol	Orthic Humic Vertisol Gleyed Humic Vertisol Gleysolic Humic Vertisol	O.HV GL.HV GLC.HV

Photographs of some subgroup profiles are shown in Figures 4-27.

Figure 4: Orthic Melanic Brunisol, Ontario

Figure 5: Eluviated Eutric Brunisol, British Columbia

Figure 6: Eluviated Dystric Brunisol, Saskatchewan

Figure 7: Orthic Brown Chernozem, Alberta

Figure 8: Orthic Black Chernozem, Alberta

Figure 9: Orthic Eutric Turbic Cryosol, Northwest Territories

Figure 10: Brunisolic Dystric Static Cryosol, Northwest Territories

Figure 11: Glacic Organic Cryosol, Northwest Territories

Figure 12: Orthic Humic Gleysol, Ontario

Figure 13: Rego Gleysol, peaty phase, Ontario

Figure 14: Fera Gleysol, Ontario

Figure 15: Orthic Gray Brown Luvisol, Ontario

Figure 16: Orthic Gray Luvisol, Alberta

Figure 17: Mesic Fibrisol, Alberta

Figure 18: Humic Mesisol, British Columbia

Figure 19: Orthic Humic Podzol, Newfoundland

Figure 20: Orthic Ferro-Humic Podzol, Quebec

Figure 21: Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol, Nova Scotia

Figure 22: Orthic Regosol, Northwest Territories

Figure 23: Cumulic Regosol, Northwest Territories

Figure 24: Brown Solodized Solonetz, Saskatchewan

Figure 25: Brown Solod, Saskatchewan

Figure 26: Orthic Humic Vertisol, Manitoba

Figure 27: Orthic Vertisol, Saskatchewan

Keys to soil orders, soil great groups, and soil subgroups are presented in this chapter. Complete definitions of each order, great group, and subgroup are contained in the chapter on each order. All the keys are arranged in a systematic order and are based on diagnostic soil criteria (or criterion). Keys for soil families and soil series within subgroups are not included in this publication. However, family differentiae are specified in Chapter 14, and an up-to-date list of approved series (CanSlS Canadian Soil Names File) is maintained by the Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Ottawa.

The following procedure should be used to key out the classification of a pedon:

1. Expose a vertical section through the pedon, describe the horizons, and take appropriate samples if the designation of some horizons must be checked by laboratory analysis. In some cases the final classification must await the laboratory data.
2. Study the Key to Soil Orders in this chapter and select the first order in the key that apparently includes the pedon involved.
3. Turn to the page indicated and verify that the definition of the soil order includes the pedon concerned. Then using the Key to Soil Great Groups (page 35), select the appropriate great group.
4. Turn to the page indicated and verify that the definition of the soil great group includes the pedon concerned. Then using the Key to Soil Subgroups (page 37), select the appropriate subgroup.
5. Turn to the page indicated and verify that the definition of the soil subgroup includes the pedon concerned.
6. To classify the pedon at the family level, turn to Chapter 14 and select the family designation that applies; e.g., loamy, mixed, shallow, acid, cold, humid family.
7. To classify the pedon at the series level, refer to a recent soil survey report for the area, or confer with the soil correlator of the province or territory.

The Key to Soil Orders, Great Groups, and Subgroups is accessible on-line and is enriched with information from Chapters 4 through 13.